A hydraulic shearing machine is a type of shearing machines, which is used to cut the metal sheets that can be made of various kinds of alloys such as bronze, aluminum, brass and mild steel.
Similar to the principle that we use scissors to cut a piece of sheet, the sheet is placed between the two blades, and the blades being compressed to cut the piece of sheet off.
However, the pressure the hydraulic shearing machine provides is much larger than the normal scissors, as it is specialized in larger, thicker, and heavier workpieces, in order to make the workpieces be machined to their applications.
There are two main types of shearing machines that are applied for the cutting work of metal sheets, including the hydraulic shearing machine and the mechanical shearing machine.
The hydraulic shearing machine, which is what we discuss here, is driven by the hydraulic system that it is equipped with. The hydraulic system contains a hydraulic oil pump, which would pump out the hydraulic oil and give pressure to the shearing blades, so as to perform the shearing work on the workpieces.
The manufacturers of the metal sheets may prefer hydraulic shearing machine more, since the energy consumption of the hydraulic shearing machine is less that makes this machine cost-effective.
In addition, the hydraulic shearing machine performs well in shearing the workpieces fast without making loud noise, as the pressure that is given to the workpieces is from the hydraulic oil, which results in the reduced working time and increased product output.
How Does a Hydraulic Shearing Machine Form?
A hydraulic shearing machine is mainly formed by three systems, including the electric system, hydraulic system, and the back gauge system, and these systems and some basic components are covered by the frame of the hydraulic shearing machine.
No matter what type of shearing machines there is, the two most vital roles in the machine are the shearing blades and the workpieces. The workpieces are put on the left and right boards, which are set upon a large rectangular worktable.
There are two shear blades on the hydraulic sharing machine, one is the upper blade and the other is the lower blade. The upper blade is held by the blade carrier, and would move up and down to perform the shearing works. The lower blade is fixed on the blade holder, which interacts with the upper blade to make the cuts.
- Electric System
The electric system plays an important role in driving the entire hydraulic shearing machine. Before the hydraulic oil transfer the pressure on the workpieces, the hydraulic oil pump should be actuated by the turning of the motor, and what causes the motor to turn is from the electric system.
Furthermore, during the shearing works that are performed by the hydraulic shearing machine, there are some parameters that should be set precisely in order to make the proper cuts on the workpieces, such as the clearance of the blades and the shearing angle, etc. These parameters are all determined by the control of the electric system.
- Hydraulic System
The hydraulic system mainly consists of the hydraulic oil pump, the hydraulic push-up cylinder, and the hydraulic hold-down cylinder.
The hydraulic oil pump is set on the fuel tank, which is mounted on the oil tank base behind the shearing machine. It helps pumps out the hydraulic oil in order to provide hydraulic force to the blades to perform the shearing work.
The hydraulic push-up cylinder is connected to the blade holder, which is the device that holds the lower blade. During the shearing works, this component is used to drive the blade holder to push the lower blade up, so as to make it interact with the upper blade.
As for the hydraulic hold-down cylinder, which is connected the upper blade with the blade carrier, presses the upper blade in the downward direction, in order to provide pressure to the workpieces to achieve the cuts.
- Back Gauge System
The back gauge system is fixed on the blade holder, which is used to adjust the angle and the position of the blade and the workpieces, in order to accommodate the required cuts depending on the sizes of the metal sheets that are supposed to be sheared.
The movement of the back gauge is also driven by the motor with the assistance of the electric system. The back gauge system is one of the indispensable device on the hydraulic shearing system, since it determines the accuracy and the precision of the shearing works.
What Types of Hydraulic Shearing Machines Are There?
The hydraulic shearing machines can be divided into two types based on the movement methods of the blade carriers, including the hydraulic swing beam shearing machine and the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine.
The hydraulic swing bean shearing machine, also called the hydraulic pivot blade shearing machine, which the upper blade carrier of the machine is swung around the pivot. While the blade of the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine is not swung. Instead, it is stationary and the blade on it can be adjusted to different angles.
There are several differences between the hydraulic swing beam shearing machine and the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine, including the shear angle, the shear movement, and the shear edges of the blade.
- Shear Angle
This is the biggest difference between these two types of hydraulic shearing machines. In the hydraulic swing beam shearing machine, the angle of the upper blade on the blade carrier is fixed, which means the versatility of the cuts that this type can do is limited.
In contrast, the angles of the blade on the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine are variable, which means that more cuts can be achieved by this type of hydraulic shearing machine with the adjustment of the blade angle.
- Shear Movement
This parameter is related to how the upper blade is set on the hydraulic swing beam shearing machine and the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine respectively.
The former is used to perform curve-shaped curvilinear movement, which means that during the shearing works, the upper blade of this type of hydraulic shearing machine would not totally come in contact with the workpieces, so the shear force of this type would be lost a little bit.
The latter is applied for linear vertical movement, and the shear force of the upper blade in this type would be totally given to the workpieces, which makes the cuts stronger and the workpieces are easier to be cut.
- Shear Edges of the Blade
Due to the limited shear angle and the shear movement, the shear edges of the blade on the hydraulic swing beam shearing machine is limited accordingly. Only the curved edge of the upper blade is capable of performing the shearing works.
However, the angle of the upper blade on the hydraulic guillotine shearing machine is adjustable. In addition, the movement of the blade on this type of hydraulic shearing machine is straightforward as well. Therefore, the four edges of the upper blade and the lower blade of this machine can be used to cut the workpieces.
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